Knee Conditions


Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic form of arthritis that involves joints, the sheath of tendons and blood vessels. It ultimately leads to joint destruction.

ACL Injury

Complete ACL injuries result in instability of the knee joint. Whenever the person runs or comes downstairs rapidly the tibia slides off the femur. This can lead to repeated falls.

Anterior Knee Pain

Patello femoral pain due to malalignenment, instability Tendinitis of the quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon, tendon bursitis, post-operative neuroma, effusion due to inflammatory and infective causes.

Arthritis

Arthritis is an inflammatory condition of any joint. It is characterised by the presence of swelling and pain over the joint. It usually affects elderly although Rheumatoid arthritis can affect younger individuals. Although there are more than 100 varieties, the three most common forms are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout.

Articular cartilage injury

Articular cartilage is the lining cartilage at the end of bones of all synovial or bag like joints. It has the properties of stress dissipation and lowering the friction within joints.

1.It can occur without any primary cause (Idiopathic) 2.Alcohol abuse can lead to development of avascular necrosis 3.Consumption of steroids is another causative factor.

Baker's cyst

These are fluid filled swellings arising from the knee and present in the back of the knee. They are associated with osteoarthritis, gout or meniscal injuries.

Chondromalacia patella

Chondromalacia patella was an old synonym for pain in the front of the knee. Technically, chondromalacia patella means a softening of the cartilage of the knee -cap.

Shoulder Conditions


Acromio clavicular arthritis

This is a condition of the joint between the collar bone and the acromion process of the shoulder blade (Scapula). It is often painful by itself. It can lead to impingement on the rotator cuff with secondary damage to the tendon.

Acromio clavicular dislocation

Dislocations of the collar bone from its joint with the acromion process are common injuries. They occur due to a fall on the point of the shoulder in sports, vehicular accidents and falls. The upper limb is suspended from the collar bone at the acromioclavicular joint by strong ligaments and joint capsule. Disruption of these ligaments leads to a downward dislocation of the entire upperlimb from the clavicle by its own weight.

Bankart’s lesion

It is found in patients with recurrent anterior (to the front) dislocation of the shoulder.

Bursitis

The subacromial bursa (Anatomy)is a potential space under the Deltoid muscle. It has a lining of synovial tissue. It separates the acromion process at the top from the rotator cuff below. Inflammation of this space is called bursitis.

Calcific tendonitis

Localized pain which can be severe resembling an acute infection · Local warmth · Tenderness around specific part of shoulder. Diagnosis An X ray of the shoulder adjusted for soft tissue Aspiration may be necessary.

Dislocations

Symptoms · Extreme pain · Noticeable abnormality of the shoulder when compared to other · Swelling, bruising and tenderness · Possible loss of sensation and weakness of the Deltoid if the axillary (armpit) nerve is damaged.

Fractures of the Clavicle

The clavicle (collar bone) is a superficial bone connecting the trunk to the upper limb. It can be fractured during delivery or later. The cause is a fall on the outstretched hand, motor vehicular accidents or domestic falls leading to a sideward or frontal blow to the shoulder.Fracture clavicle is a very common orthopaedic injury.